Chest pain and dizziness: Causes, treatment, and seeking help - Medical News Today
Chest pain and dizziness: Causes, treatment, and seeking help - Medical News Today |
- Chest pain and dizziness: Causes, treatment, and seeking help - Medical News Today
- REVEAL Lite 2 Risk Calculator Offers Simplified Model to Assess One-Year Mortality Risk Status in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) - PRNewswire
- Prevalence, Incidence of PAH in SSc Steady Over Time, Report Says - AJMC.com Managed Markets Network
- Statins Seen to Benefit COPD, PH Patients in Large Retrospective Study - Pulmonary Hypertension News
- Pulmonary Hypertension I Ohio State Medical Center - Wexner Medical Center - The Ohio State University
| Chest pain and dizziness: Causes, treatment, and seeking help - Medical News Today Posted: 26 Feb 2021 04:56 AM PST  A person may experience chest pain and dizziness separately or simultaneously. Triggers can include anxiety, panic attacks, and overexertion during exercise. However, it may also occur due to a heart condition. Speak with a doctor a person experiences any form of chest pain. There are many different causes of chest pain and dizziness, and in many cases, chest pain is not due to a heart problem. However, a doctor should evaluate any new form of chest pain. A person can call a healthcare professional to find out if they need to visit the emergency room or wait for a regular doctor's appointment. People can experience dizziness in several possible ways. One reason could be vertigo, where they feel as if they are spinning or have the sensation of being off-balance. Another cause could be presyncope, which is when a person feels faint or lightheaded. In this article, we discuss some potential causes of chest pain and dizziness. We also look at when to seek medical help. While chest pain and dizziness might not always indicate something serious, a person should seek medical help if they experience sudden chest pain lasting longer than 15 minutes. They should also seek help if they also experience chest pain along with other symptoms, including:
This is because the combination of these symptoms may indicate a heart attack. However, a person should still seek advice from a medical professional if they have concerns about recurring chest pain. Additionally, medical emergencies can occur with the heart, lung, and gastrointestinal tract, including:
In some cases, chest pain and dizziness can occur during exercise, especially when a person pushes themselves too hard during a workout. This can result in sprains or strains. Other than chest pain and dizziness, some people may experience:
Learn more about dizziness after a workout here. TreatmentIf a person experiences chest pain or dizziness during a workout, the best thing to do is stop immediately and see if the symptoms subside. People may need to rest and ice the affected area for up to 20 minutes at a time, three times a day. It may also help keep the chest elevated during sleep. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, anemia occurs when a person does not have enough iron in their body. Those with mild and moderate anemia may not show any symptoms. However, those with more severe anemia may experience:
TreatmentTreatment typically depends on the type of anemia a person has. Options include iron supplements, dietary changes, and other medical procedures. The following conditions that affect the lungs may cause chest pain and dizziness. Chest infectionsA chest infection occurs when the lungs or airways acquire an infection. Two common chest infections include pneumonia and bronchitis. Symptoms can include
A person may also experience a loss of appetite, which can result in dizziness or lightheadedness. TreatmentIf the cause is bacterial, a healthcare professional may prescribe antibiotics. Viral infections usually resolve in a few weeks. A person can also:
PleurisyPleurisy is the inflammation of the pleura, the sheet of tissue lining the outside of the lungs and inside the chest cavity. The most common cause of this condition is a chest infection. Symptoms include:
The pain can also spread to the back or shoulder. Similarly to a chest infection, a person may experience dizziness if they are unable to eat. TreatmentTreatment involves a healthcare professional performing a procedure known as thoracentesis, which removes the fluid from the pleural space. A person can also take OTC painkillers and cough syrups containing codeine. Lying on the painful side can help make a person more comfortable. In addition, breathing deeply and coughing can help clear the mucus when the pain is easing. Pulmonary hypertensionPulmonary hypertension occurs when there is an abnormal increase in blood pressure in the lung arteries. This means the heart has to work harder to pump blood throughout the body. Early symptoms include:
Later symptoms can include:
TreatmentThere is no cure for pulmonary hypertension, but a person can manage the condition with certain treatments, depending on the underlying cause. Depending on the type of this condition, treatment options may include:
Some people with pulmonary hypertension may require specialist surgery. The following mental health conditions can cause a person to experience chest pain and dizziness. Learn more about mental health resources available here. AnxietyWhile many people may experience a varying amount of anxiety throughout their lifetime, sometimes it can cause a person to experience physical symptoms such as chest pain and dizziness. Other accompanying symptoms can include:
TreatmentIf a person is experiencing anxiety regularly, they should seek medical help. A doctor may prescribe the following medication: There are also a variety of psychotherapy options available for people with anxiety. One common form of psychotherapy includes cognitive behavioral therapy. This treatment involves the patient identifying unhelpful thoughts that increase anxiety while finding practical solutions to help them manage their anxious thoughts on a day-to-day basis. A person should discuss the best course of treatment with their doctor to consider the side effects and benefits of each treatment option. Learn more about how to access therapy without insurance here. Panic disorderAccording to Mind, a charity based in the United Kingdom, a panic attack occurs when physical anxiety symptoms build up very quickly and last for a short period, often between 5–20 minutes. Panic attacks can be sudden and unexpected, and symptoms often peak after 10 minutes. They also have similar symptoms to anxiety, including:
TreatmentThe treatment for panic attacks is similar to that for anxiety. A doctor may prescribe medication, such as antianxiety medication, or recommend psychotherapy. It is especially important to seek medical advice if a person is experiencing frequent panic attacks, as this could indicate a panic disorder. HyperventilationHyperventilation is deep or rapid breathing that typically occurs due to anxiety or panic. People may refer to this as overbreathing. Excessive breathing can lead to low levels of carbon dioxide in a person's blood, resulting in the following symptoms:
It is important to note that hyperventilation may have other causes. Learn more about other potential causes of hyperventilation here. TreatmentTreatment typically aims to increase carbon dioxide levels. To do this, a person can purse their lips and breathe. Alternatively, they can cover their mouth and one nostril while breathing through the other nostril. If the cause is anxiety or depression, a person can seek help from a psychologist or psychiatrist. If a person has a heart condition, they may experience dizziness, chest pain, and other accompanying symptoms. Some of these conditions include:
The treatment for these heart issues will depend on the condition. A doctor can examine a person to determine the underlying cause. This will normally involve running a number of tests. Healthcare professionals will gather information, such as medical history or if there is a family history of heart conditions. They will also carry out a physical examination of the person, including listening and examining the chest and neck, checking the heartbeat, and measuring blood pressure. Other tests may include:
A person should contact a doctor if they regularly experience symptoms and if the pain spreads to other parts of the body. Other symptoms to look out for include shortness of breath and feeling nauseous. If they occur together and last for longer than 15 minutes, a person should seek medical assistance. The causes of chest pain and dizziness are not always serious, while symptoms may resolve on their own. However, if a person has concerns about their symptoms or is finding it hard to manage them, they should consult with a healthcare professional.  |
| Posted: 03 Feb 2021 12:00 AM PST SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 3, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson today announced results from an analysis determining the validity of the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term PAH Disease Management (REVEAL) Lite 2 risk calculator, an abridged version of the REVEAL 2.0 risk calculator, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a rapidly progressive disease with no known cure.1,2,3 The analysis showed that REVEAL Lite 2 offers a simplified method of risk assessment using six non-invasive and modifiable variables that may be implemented routinely in daily clinical practice and can be used in conjunction with REVEAL 2.0, and differentiates patients among low, intermediate and high risk of one-year mortality. The results were published in the journal CHEST, the official publication of the American College of Chest Physicians. For patients with PAH, risk assessment is necessary to evaluate disease progression and inform treatment decisions based on an individual's prognosis.1,4 While the need for timely and regular risk assessment in PAH is widely acknowledged, real-world evidence indicates that risk assessment in the clinical setting may be suboptimal; evidence suggests that some physicians encounter barriers to practical implementation, including the complexity of tools and invasive procedures.5,6 "In order to effectively identify appropriate treatment protocol, physicians need to be able to risk stratify patients to better characterize their disease," said Raymond Benza*, MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP, primary study investigator and Professor of Medicine at The Ohio State University. "Risk calculators that assess fewer and noninvasive variables without compromising discrimination and accuracy may help both expedite and enhance strategic decision making in the routine clinical setting." REVEAL Lite 2 is an abridged version of the REVEAL 2.0 risk calculator that uses six (rather than 13) exclusively noninvasive and modifiable variables, which include functional class (FC), vital signs (systolic BP [SBP] and heart rate), 6-min walk distance (6MWD), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)/N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and renal insufficiency (by estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR])—and was validated in a series of analyses (Kaplan-Meier, concordance index, Cox proportional hazard model, and multivariate analysis). In total, 2,529 of the 3,515 patients enrolled in the REVEAL Registry™† were eligible for inclusion in this analysis. Approximately 50 percent of patients had idiopathic PAH (IPAH) and 25 percent had connective tissue-associated PAH (CTD-PAH). Most patients (nearly 87 percent) were classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) FC II/III. When REVEAL Lite 2 was applied at the time of patient enrollment (N=3,046 PAH patients), the c-index, known as the concordance index, was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.69-0.73), indicating good discrimination. The c-index was calculated separately using REVEAL Lite 2 for IPAH (n=1,171) and CTD-PAH (n=649) subgroups. Some limitations to consider are that REVEAL Lite 2 must be validated in a non-derivative cohort and that patients in REVEAL were treated at specialized PAH centers within the US only. REVEAL Lite 2 is intended to complement REVEAL 2.0. "We have a long-standing commitment to the PAH community, and we're proud to sponsor the REVEAL Registry to continue to help facilitate and advance the understanding of PAH disease management with the goal to help improve patient outcomes," said Siân Walker**, Head of Medical Affairs, Janssen US, Pulmonary Hypertension. To read the full manuscript and learn more about the REVEAL Lite 2 risk assessment tool, please visit https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(20)34296-3/fulltext. *Dr. Raymond Benza has received research support from Janssen and has served as a paid consultant to the company. About Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) PAH is a specific form of pulmonary hypertension (PH) that causes the walls of the pulmonary arteries (blood vessels leading from the right side of the heart to the lungs) to become thick and stiff, narrowing the space for blood to flow, and causing an increased blood pressure to develop within the lungs. PAH is a serious, progressive disease with a variety of etiologies and has a major impact on patients' functioning as well as their physical, psychological and social wellbeing. There is currently no cure for PH and it is often fatal.1,2,3 However, the last decade has seen significant advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of PAH, transforming the prognosis for PAH patients from symptomatic improvements in exercise tolerance 10 years ago, to delayed disease progression today. About the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson At Janssen, we're creating a future where disease is a thing of the past. We're the Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, working tirelessly to make that future a reality for patients everywhere by fighting sickness with science, improving access with ingenuity, and healing hopelessness with heart. We focus on areas of medicine where we can make the biggest difference: Cardiovascular & Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases & Vaccines, Neuroscience, Oncology, and Pulmonary Hypertension. Learn more at www.janssen.com. Follow us at www.twitter.com/JanssenGlobal and www.twitter.com/JanssenUS. Cautions Concerning Forward-looking Statements This press release contains "forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding the REVEAL 2.0 and REVEAL Lite 2 risk assessment tools. The reader is cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations of future events. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results could vary materially from the expectations and projections any of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies and/or Johnson & Johnson. Risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: challenges and uncertainties inherent in product research and development, including the uncertainty of clinical success and of obtaining regulatory approvals; uncertainty of commercial success; manufacturing difficulties and delays; competition, including technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges to patents; product efficacy or safety concerns resulting in product recalls or regulatory action; changes in behavior and spending patterns of purchasers of health care products and services; changes to applicable laws and regulations, including global health care reforms; and trends toward health care cost containment. A further list and descriptions of these risks, uncertainties and other factors can be found in Johnson & Johnson's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2019, including in the sections captioned "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and "Item 1A. Risk Factors", and in the company's most recently filed Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the company's subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of these filings are available online at www.sec.gov, www.jnj.com or on request from Johnson & Johnson. None of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies nor Johnson & Johnson undertakes to update any forward-looking statement as a result of new information or future events or developments. 1 Galiè N, Humbert M, et al. Eur Heart J 2016; 37:67-119. Media contact: Investor contact: SOURCE Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies   |
| Prevalence, Incidence of PAH in SSc Steady Over Time, Report Says - AJMC.com Managed Markets Network Posted: 29 Jan 2021 12:00 AM PST  In this study, the authors said they applied newer recommendations for diagnosing PAH, and as a result, they said their results show the "largest and most accurate metanalysis focused on the prevalence and incidence of SSc-related PAH. The study, published in Autoimmunity Reviews, examined databases from June 1962 to May 2019. The researchers wrote that the criteria for a PAH diagnosis were mean pulmonary arterial pressure >25 mm Hg plus pulmonary capillary wedge pressure <15 mm Hg. When available and reported in previous studies, they also included data on pulmonary vascular resistance >3 WU, which is now part of the current definition of PAH. The first pass found 2115 articles; of those, 1972 articles were not included. Of the 143 articles selected for full-text review, 24 were eventually selected for the global prevalence meta-analysis and 15 were selected for the incidence meta-analysis. The global prevalence review contained data on 9804 patients with SSc. The overall PAH prevalence was determined to be 6.4% (95% CI, 5%-8.3%). The study also examined the prevalence of PAH in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc), with 14 studies containing data on 4987 patients. The PAH prevalence found in lcSSc was 7.7% (95% CI, 5.3%-11.1%). Twelve studies were included in the PAH prevalence study for diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc), with data on 1790 dcSSc patients. The PAH prevalence found in dcSSc was 6.3% (95% CI, 4.5%-8.9%). Fifteen studies, involving data from 5926 patients with SSc, looked at the PAH incidence of an entire SSc cohort. The overall PAH incidence was 18.2 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 12-27.4). Looking again only at lcSSc, 8 studies with data on 2721 patients were reviewed for PAH incidence, which was determined to be 20.4 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 10.1-41.1). And 7 studies, with 942 patients with dcSSc, were analyzed for PAH incidence, showing an overall PAH incidence in dcSSc of 16.6 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 8.5-32.1). Overall prevalence and incidence in PAH was stable over time, the researchers reported, but they also found a trend towards declining PAH prevalence and incidence in patients with lcSSc and increasing PAH prevalence and incidence rate in dcSSc. Reference Rubio-Rivas M, Homs NA, Cuartero D, Corbella X. The prevalence and incidence rate of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20(1):102713. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102713  |
| Statins Seen to Benefit COPD, PH Patients in Large Retrospective Study - Pulmonary Hypertension News Posted: 08 Feb 2021 12:00 AM PST Statins have protective effects and can benefit patients with both pulmonary hypertension (PH) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), according to a large retrospective study in Taiwan. The study, "Statins for the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease," was published in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology. PH is a major complication of COPD and is characterized by high blood pressure in the blood vessels that supply blood to the lungs. Previous studies have shown that patients treated with statins — medications used to lower blood cholesterol levels — had a lower incidence rate of PH compared to non-users. Now, researchers in Taiwan have investigated the benefit of statins for PH treatment in patients with COPD in a large nationwide prospective study. The team analyzed data from Jan. 1, 2002, to Dec. 31, 2017, from Taiwan's national health insurance program, which includes 99.6% of the country's population, making it one of the most extensive medical databases in the world. In total, 643,131 individuals with COPD were identified, of whom 12,308 developed PH during a five-year follow-up period. Of these, 8,577 PH patients were included in the analysis. The patient cohort was divided into those who received at least one statin prescription within one year after COPD diagnosis (statin users group; 1,487 patients) and those who received no statin prescription (non-users; 7,090 patients). Patients in the user group were younger (mean age of 72.52 years) than non-users (mean 74.10 years). Most patients were male and older than 60. In line with the indications for statin treatment, users had a significantly higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (abnormal amount of fats in the blood; 52.45% vs. 4.96% in the non-users group), coronary artery disease (50.17% vs. 29.79% in non-users), and ischemic stroke (caused by a blockage in an artery that supplies blood to the brain; 16.54% vs. 11.57% in non-users). The proportions of most additional health conditions (comorbidities) were significantly higher in the user group, including hypertension (74.58% vs. 55.66% in non-users) and diabetes (46.54% vs. 20.58% in non-users). In turn, "there was no significant difference in chronic liver disease, arrhythmia, interstitial pulmonary diseases, asthma, malignancy, hemorrhagic stroke or left ventricular hypertrophy between groups," the researchers wrote. Regarding COPD severity, significant differences between groups were found, with most patients experiencing no exacerbations or flares in the first year after diagnosis. To make the groups more similar, the research team matched 1,325 patients treated with statins and those who weren't based on their characteristics — namely age, sex, insurance premium, hypertension, diabetes, asthma, oxygen therapy, specific drug therapy, and COPD severity, among others. The analysis revealed that 462 statin users (34.87%) had died during the five-year follow-up, compared to 647 non-users (48.83%). From these, 145 statin users (10.94%) and 210 non-users (15.84%) died of causes related to PH. The statin user group had a lower mortality related to PH than the non-user group — 3.87 vs. 5.55 per 100 person-years (a measure of the number of people participating in a study and the amount of time they were followed). The researchers found that, compared to non-users of statins, the mortality rate for PH was significantly lower among statin users — 0.70 by analyzing variables separately (univariate analysis) and 0.78 times by analyzing multiple variables at the same time (multivariate analysis). "The above results suggested that statins could reduce the risk of mortality related to PH by approximately 22–30% and that they were effective in patients with PH related to COPD," the researchers wrote. Moreover, in a subgroup analysis, the researchers found that the different kinds of statins analyzed showed a trend toward a lower risk of mortality. Specifically, a significantly lower mortality risk was associated with: lovastatin and rosuvastatin use (0.36 and 0.51 times, respectively), higher statin cumulative daily dose, and statin use for more than one year. In a sensitivity analysis, the risk of mortality for statin users during different follow-up times (three, five, seven, or nine years, or at the end of the study) were similar to the risk observed initially for five years and still significantly lower than for non-users. The researchers noted some limitations to their study's findings, including the lack of information relating to other factors, including smoking status, lifestyle, lung function, or PH severity. Nonetheless, the team concluded that "statins have protective effects and efficacy against PH related to COPD and can reduce the mortality of PH. Moreover, the benefits of statins are dose dependent and time dependent."  Diana holds a PhD in Biomedical Sciences, with specialization in genetics, from Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal. Her work has been focused on enzyme function, human genetics and drug metabolism. × Diana holds a PhD in Biomedical Sciences, with specialization in genetics, from Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal. Her work has been focused on enzyme function, human genetics and drug metabolism. Latest Posts  |
| Posted: 12 Nov 2020 04:45 PM PST  Pulmonary hypertension is a type of high blood pressure that affects the pulmonary artery (the artery that goes from the heart to the lungs) and the right side of the heart. Pulmonary hypertension is a long-term or chronic disease affecting both sexes; however, it is more common in women. Ohio State Wexner Medical Center's vascular experts provide a variety of treatment options for those with pulmonary hypertension, right here in Columbus. Very high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries causes changes in the blood vessels in your lungs and prevents normal blood flow through these vessels. High blood pressure in your lung vessels causes your right ventricle and right atrium (heart chambers) to become enlarged and weak and not pump as well. Some forms of pulmonary hypertension are serious conditions that become progressively worse and sometimes fatal. Although some forms of this disease aren't curable, treatment can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. Pulmonary hypertension causesPulmonary hypertension is usually inherited, and sometimes its cause is unknown. With pulmonary hypertension, changes in the cells that line your pulmonary arteries causes a rise in blood pressure, which then causes the artery walls to become stiff and thick. The blood vessels may also become inflamed and tight. These changes in the arteries can reduce or block blood flow in the vessels, making it harder for blood to flow. This raises the blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. There are several types of pulmonary hypertension, and causes of the disease depend on the type:
Pulmonary hypertension risk factorsYour risk of developing pulmonary hypertension may be greater if you have one or more of the following:
Other risk factors include:
Symptoms of pulmonary hypertensionSymptoms can be similar to congestive heart failure. In severe cases, fluid can back up into the abdomen and cause fullness, congestion of the liver and leg swelling. Other symptoms include:
In advanced stages of the disease, symptoms can include inability to perform even minimal activities; you can even experience symptoms when resting. Diagnosis of pulmonary hypertensionIf your physician suspects you have pulmonary hypertension, you'll have a complete examination and diagnostic tests that may include:
Perfusion lung scanA perfusion lung scan is a type of nuclear scan that uses a special camera and a radioactive tracer to detect abnormalities in the organs of the body. A perfusion test measures the amount of blood an organ receives through its vessels to supply it with nutrients and oxygen. Certain conditions prevent different areas of your lungs from receiving even amounts of oxygen. Physicians order perfusion lung scans to help diagnose blockages in the pulmonary arteries, also known as embolisms. Physicians also use this test to determine the severity of lung diseases, as well as before lung removal surgery. What to expect during a perfusion lung scanThere are no special preparations for this test, although it's important to tell your physician if you're pregnant or breastfeeding. Your physician may order a chest X-ray before your perfusion lung scan test.
Treatment of pulmonary hypertensionWhile pulmonary hypertension is not curable, it is treatable. The goal of treatment is to lower the pulmonary artery pressure and relieve symptoms. Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, the rarest form of pulmonary hypertension, varies according to the stage of the disease. Our specialists use testing and personalized assessment to decide which therapy is best for you. Treatment may include: Medication: Our team uses various medications to treat pulmonary hypertension, and new studies are underway to test the efficacy of new medicine. Surgery: If blood clots in your pulmonary artery have caused your pulmonary hypertension, your vascular specialist may recommend surgically removing the clots to improve blood flow. This is called a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center is one of the few hospitals in the Midwest that performs this procedure. We perform lung transplantation for advanced stages of pulmonary hypertension. In severe cases in which there has been damage to the heart, combined heart-lung transplantation may be required. Why choose Ohio State for pulmonary hypertension treatment?The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center has specialists in pulmonology and cardiology who provide comprehensive evaluation and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Although idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, a particular type of pulmonary hypertension, is considered a rare condition, our experts have the experience to treat these patients. If the pulmonary hypertension is related to clots in the lungs it can be cured by surgical procedures. The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center is one of the few hospitals in the Midwest that performs pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, the surgical removal of blood clots in the pulmonary artery. We're also involved in several research studies for new medications and trials evaluating the use of Food and Drug Administration-approved combination therapy. This combination therapy involves combining various agents and therapies and is being evaluated in clinical trials.  |
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