Pressures at an All-Time High | Circulation
The Role Of The Bronchial Provocation Challenge Tests In The Diagnosis Of Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction In Elite Swimmers
Background The International Olympic Committee–Medical Commission (IOC-MC) accepts a number of bronchial provocation tests for the diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in elite athletes, none of which have been studied in elite swimmers. With the suggestion of a different pathogenesis involved in the development of EIB in swimmers, there is a possibility that the recommended test for EIB in elite athletes, the eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea (EVH) challenge, may be missing the diagnosis in elite swimmers.
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the EVH challenge, the field swim challenge and the laboratory cycle challenge in the diagnosis of EIB in elite swimmers.
Design 33 elite swimmers were evaluated on separate days for the presence of EIB using 3 different bronchial provocation challenge tests: an 8 minute field swim challenge, a 6 minute laboratory EVH challenge, and an 8 minute laboratory cycle challenge.
Main outcome measurements Change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) pre and post test protocol. A fall in FEV1 from baseline of ≥10% post challenge was diagnostic of EIB.
Results Only 1 of the 33 subjects (3%) had a positive field swim challenge with a fall in FEV1 of 16% from baseline. 18 of the 33 subjects (55%) had a positive EVH challenge, with a mean fall in FEV1 of 20.4 (SD 11.7)% from baseline. 4 of the subjects (12%) had a positive laboratory cycle challenge, with a mean fall in FEV1 of 14.8 (4.7)% from baseline. Only 1 of the 33 subjects was positive to all 3 challenges.
Conclusions These results suggest that the EVH challenge is a highly sensitive challenge for identifying EIB in elite swimmers, in contrast to the laboratory and field-based exercise challenge tests, which significantly underdiagnose the condition. The EVH challenge, a well-established and standardised test for EIB in elite winter and summer land-based athletes, should thus be used for the diagnosis of EIB in elite swimmers, as recommended by the IOC-MC.
The Latest TikTok Challenge Uses Ketchup To Test A Relationship: 'A Valid Reason To Leave Him'
There's a new trend on TikTok that has people testing their relationship using a table condiment.
In what's being dubbed the "ketchup challenge," TikTokers are pouring ketchup onto their kitchen counters and asking their male partners to clean it up. That's it. That's the whole challenge.
The challenge is seemingly so simple that some are wondering if it can even be considered a "challenge" — but some videos have proved to viewers that it is indeed a challenge for some.
When faced with the task, the significant others reacted in different ways and had different cleaning techniques.
One woman posted a video of her boyfriend cleaning after she decorated the counter with ketchup and said she was "impressed" by the results.
TikTok user @bizwithamina's boyfriend cleaned the ketchup with a paper towel and wiped the counter down with a wipe. He only had one small blunder — spraying a cleaner on the area not realizing it was a wood-specific cleaner.
"He did better than most," one person applauded.
"Oh wow. How amazing that an adult can clean a countertop. I can't believe he's so talented," someone quipped.
Another victim of the challenge didn't have the same cleaning skills.
The boyfriend of user @debbiekval ended up "making a bigger mess" with the ketchup as he took a napkin and just moved it in circles over the ketchup — a method that had many people in the comments cringing.
"Ok why is he polishing with ketchup," someone joked.
"Ngl this is a valid reason to leave him," one wrote.
"Is he trying to paint? I'm lost," another said.
"I want to cry," a commenter confessed.
Another viral video of the challenge went similarly, in what one user called "another game of skit, legit, or weaponized incompetence?'"
Once again, the TikToker's partner started rubbing the ketchup with a paper towel, spreading it all over the counter.
"Congrats on your toddler, mama!" a user joked.
"He ain't even my man and I want to break up with him!" another commented.
"He marinated the counter," someone said.
User @brooklynandbailey asked her "clean freak" husband to do the challenge — and he just scooped it up with his hands.
"A man who isn't afraid to get his hands dirty I guess," the video was captioned.
"Nah he's valid for that paper towels are expensive," someone quipped in the comments.
"His method was pure chaos lol," another wrote.
Even Heinz got in on the fun, revealing the "the only way we know how to clean it."
In the video, the man cleans up the ketchup by doing the only reasonable thing — driving to get frozen fries, putting them in the air fryer, then using the ketchup for its main purpose: as a dip.
One video shows a woman having a fake conversation mocking the trend and explaining how this is a "challenge" to people.
"You're telling me there are hundreds of grown men who find cleaning up a glob of ketchup so challenging it's a challenge?" she questioned, not understanding how it's "goofy, funny, silly that men don't know how to clean a counter."
In the skit, @jamiesoneileen asks herself, "Why aren't we praising these women for having a basic domestic labor skill?"
The answer: "Because it's not a challenge for us, it's just expected."
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AstraTouch™ FeaturesAstraTouch™ Couples Sophisticated Simplicity With Comprehensive Spirometry
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