Evaluation and Management of Pulmonary Hypertension in Noncardiac Surgery: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

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Shocking! California Man Dies From Unusual Lung Cancer Spread By Another Person: Is Cancer Contagious?

Is Cancer Contagious? California Man Dies from Rare Person-to-Person Lung Cancer Transmission. Read on to know how cancer transmits from one individual to another! California Man Dies From Unusual Lung Cancer Spread by Another Person: Is Cancer Contagious?

California News: In a rare medical case, a California man has tragically died from lung cancer that is believed to have been transmitted from another individual. This type of cancer transmission, known as "cancer metastasis from person to person," is incredibly uncommon, with only a handful of similar cases documented in medical history.

According to reports, the 41-year-old California man had chronic liver disease and had undergone a liver transplant recently. Records say that his donor who died in 2001 (a 63-year-old man) was suffering from undetected lung cancer.

"The donor died in 2001 after suffering a stroke and had no known history of cancer. So, the transplant process was carried out without any second thought. However, after the transplant was done, an autopsy report revealed that the donor was suffering from metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma -- a rare type of lung cancer that is hard to detect," the doctors were quoted as saying. They further added that the cancer was so small that it didn't show up in standard pre-transplant imaging.

What Symptoms of Lung Cancer Did The Man Suffer From?

While most of the time lung cancers go undetected due to the lack of clear signs, the California man developed certain symptoms that indicated something was going terribly wrong inside his lungs. "After a few months from the liver transplant, the man developed abdominal pain, vomiting, and a feeling of fullness. When we ran a few tests on the man, we could detect the development of the metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma - the same type of cancer."

Talking about the man's gradual health deterioration, the doctors said that a few months after the detection, he developed fluid buildup and a blood clot in his legs. "Though he was immediately admitted to the hospital for treatment, he died within 24 hours."

What Is Cancer Metastasis From One Person To Another?

Cancer metastasis from person to person is an exceptionally rare phenomenon where cancer cells spread from one person to another. This unusual occurrence only happens during organ transplantation, where cancer cells may be transferred from a donor to a recipient. It can also happen in very rare cases during surgical procedures, although such events are extremely unusual. The transmission of cancer between individuals through casual contact or other means is not a recognized form of cancer spread.

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What Makes The Lungs A Hotspot For Cancer Metastasis?

Amino acid aspartate helps make the lungs a common site for cancer metastasis, offering new insights for potential treatments. Researchers from Prof. Sarah-Maria Fendt's lab at VIB-KU Leuven have discovered that the availability of the amino acid aspartate contributes to the lung's frequent role as a site of metastasis. Their findings, published in Nature, enhance our understanding of cancer biology and lay the groundwork for potential new therapies targeting metastatic diseases (1✔ ✔Trusted SourceAspartate signalling drives lung metastasis via alternative translationGo to source). 'Did You Know?Metastasis is when cancer spreads beyond the place where it started to other areas of body. Nearly all cancers have the potential to metastasize. #medindia #cancer #metastasis'

Lung Metastasis: A Common Challenge in Cancer More than half of cancer patients in whom the cancer spreads beyond the primary site have lung metastases. What makes the lungs such a tempting place for cancer cells?

To find out, the team of Prof. Sarah-Maria Fendt and colleagues investigated the gene expression in cells from aggressive lung metastases. They found evidence for an alternative 'translation program.' What does this mean? Translation is the process that uses our genetic code as a blueprint to make proteins in cells. A change in the translational program results in a set of different proteins that allow cancer cells to grow easier in the lung environment.

But what starts this alternative translational program in aggressive metastases?

Ginevra Doglioni, Ph.D. Student at the Fendt lab and first author of the study says "We found high levels of aspartate in the lungs of mice and patients with breast cancer compared to mice and patients without cancer, which suggests that aspartate may be important for lung metastasis".

Aspartate is an amino acid (a protein building block) that has very low concentrations in blood plasma but, surprisingly, very high concentrations in the lungs of mice with metastatic breast cancer.

Hypusination: A Key Driver of Cancer Cell Aggressiveness Many proteins in our bodies can affect the translation process, among them the so-called initiation factors. One such initiation factor is eIF5A, which kickstarts translation. In the cells of cancer cells within lung metastases, the researchers found an activating modification to eIF5A called 'hypusination', which was associated with higher cancer aggressiveness of lung metastases.

Does aspartate have something to do with this?

Yes, it does! The researchers discovered that aspartate triggered this modification on eIF5A through an unexpected mechanism. Surprisingly, aspartate was not taken up by the cancer cells. Instead, it activated a cell surface protein called an NMDA receptor in cancer cells, leading to a signaling cascade that, eventually, triggered eIF5A hypusination. This subsequently drives a translational program that enhances the ability of cancer cells to change their environment and make it more suitable for aggressive growth.

NMDA Receptor Subunit Expression in Lung Metastases Looking at human lung tumor samples from patients with metastatic breast cancer, the scientists noted a similar translational program as in mice and an elevated expression of the NMDA receptor subunit that binds aspartate compared to metastases from other organs. Potential for Targeted Therapies in Lung Metastasis Prof. Fendt explains, "This correlation emphasizes the relevance of the findings in a clinical context and suggests that aspartate signaling may be a common feature of cancer cells growing in the lung. Moreover, there are drugs available to target the mechanism we identified and thus with further research a translation toward a clinical setting might be possible."

Reference:

Aspartate signalling drives lung metastasis via alternative translation - (https://www.Nature.Com/articles/s41586-024-08335-7)

Source-Eurekalert

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